Increased emergence of resistance has magnified the plentitude, dissemination, and transfer of antimicrobial resistant genes in different bacterial pathogens including Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. We also identified areas for conservation and management prioritization in Uttarkashi.Įvolution of multidrug resistance among enteric pathogens has gained momentum due to accelerated exposure to antimicrobials in the environment. We found that Himalayan monal is abundant outside the PAs, which is a good indication of its long-term viability. The present study is a first attempt to estimate occupancy and abundance of monal in non-protected areas (PA) using both the camera traps and sign surveys.
The activity pattern analysis indicates that Himalayan monal remains very active between 6:00 and 12:00 h and slightly less active during mid-day hours when humans are most active 11:30–16:30 h in its habitat. The overall abundance of monal was estimated to be 171.58 ± 10.2 individuals in the study area with an average density of 0.62 km⁻². However, in the null model, the site occupancy estimated was found to be 0.82 ± 0.08 with a detection probability of 0.23 ± 0.03.
The observed naïve occupancy of Himalayan monal was 0.69 in the study area, which was slightly lower than the estimated occupancy.
The top model suggests that the occupancy probability of Himalayan monal was positively influenced (β = 27.52 SE ± 16.25) by landscape slope and was negatively influenced by Reserve Forest (RF) (β = −8.14 SE ± 4.99). The single-season occupancy framework was used to understand the distribution and occupancy of Himalayan monal in the Uttarkashi district. We deployed a total of 69 camera traps (2819 trap nights) and surveyed 54 trails (650 km), representing the entire habitat and topographic variability of the landscape. Camera traps and conventional sign surveys were used for documenting the species during 2018–2019. Hence, the present study has assessed the abundance and occupancy of Himalayan monal in Uttarkashi district (Uttarakhand). However, the information on its distribution and abundance is lacking, which is vital for conservation and management planning. Himalayan monal is a conservation priority species in its entire distribution range because of its declining population due to various anthropogenic threats. The strong response of pheasants to anthropogenic disturbance has ecological application and thus can be used by wildlife management in the habitat quality monitoring in the Himalayan Mountains. The pheasants responded positively to this and their abundance increased near disturbed sites (Manjhan Adit). During 20 springs, the construction activity was temporarily discontinued in Manjhan Adit. The Koklass Pheasant ( Pucrasia macrolopha ), Cheer Pheasant ( Catreus wallichi ) and Western Tragopan ( Tragopan melanocephalus ) were not recorded in Manjhan Adit in 2009. To understand how the hydro power project could effect the pheasant population in the Jiwa Valley, we monitored it under two conditions in the presence of hydro-electric project (HEP) construction and when human activity significantly declined. Three call count stations and 3 transects were laid with varying levels of anthropogenic disturbance. The pheasants abundance was monitored using “call count” and line transect methods during breeding seasons in 2009-2011. In this study, we monitored pheasants abundance to measure the impact of a hydroelectric development project. Monitoring pheasants ( Phasianidae ) in the Western Himalayas to measure the impact of hydro-electric projects.
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